A Gypsy In Auschwitz: How I Survived the Horrors of the ‘Forgotten Holocaust’

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Kitchens, James H. (2000). "The Bombing of Auschwitz Re-examined". In Neufeld, Michael J.; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). The Bombing of Auschwitz: Should the Allies Have Attempted It?. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 80–100. ISBN 0-312-19838-8. The escapees included 396 Polish men and 10 Polish women; 164 men from the Soviet Union (including 50 prisoners of war), and 15 women; 112 Jewish men and three Jewish women; 36 Romani/Sinti men and two women; 22 German men and nine women; 19 Czech men and four women; two Austrian men; one Yugoslav woman and one man; and 15 other men and one woman. [257] The unloading ramps and selections". Auschwitz-Birkenau State. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Jewish women and children who have been selected for death, walk in a line towards the gas chambers". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020 . Retrieved 26 January 2019. Further information: End of World War II in Europe, Auschwitz trial, and Frankfurt Auschwitz trials Gallows in Auschwitz I where Rudolf Höss was executed on 16 April 1947

a b Grobbel, Michaela (2003). "Contemporary Romany Autobiography as Performance". The German Quarterly. 76 (2): 140–154. doi: 10.2307/3252171. hdl: 10211.1/865. ISSN 0016-8831. JSTOR 3252171. In this post-war image, taken by German journalist Reimar Gilsenbach in the 1950s, her camp number tattoo is just visible on her left forearm. The “Gypsy” camp One Hundredth and Eighth Day, Monday, 15 April 1946, Morning Session" (PDF). Nuremberg: The International Military Tribunal. 15 April 1946. pp.396–422. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Piper 2000b, p.132, for more on the corpses, p.140; for 400 prisoners and over 107,000 corpses, see Czech 2000, p.165. Fleming, Michael (2014). Auschwitz, the Allies and Censorship of the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-91727-8.At least 150,000. Other estimates give figures such as 500,000 [1] 800,000 [2] or even as high as 1.5 million. [3] :383–396

Stangneth, Bettina (2014). Eichmann Before Jerusalem: The Unexamined Life of a Mass Murderer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-95967-6.A street and a square in the former grounds of Berlin-Marzahn were named after him in 2007. [9] Family [ edit ]

Another witness, Dr Max Benjamin, a Jewish man from Cologne who was a doctor at the “Gypsy” hospital in Auschwitz, gave an account to the Library of the “liquidation” of the “Gypsy” camp in August 1944: “[In] one fell swoop every single one of the gypsies who represented the population of this camp was chased into the gas chambers.” In return for immunity from prosecution for war crimes, Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski stated at the Einsatzgruppen Trial that "the principal task of the Einsatzgruppen of the S.D. was the annihilation of the Jews, Gypsies, and Political commissars". [41] Roma in the Slovak Republic were killed by local collaborating auxiliaries. [21] Notably, in Denmark and Greece, local populations did not participate in the hunt for Roma as they did elsewhere. [42] [43] Bulgaria and Finland, although allies of Germany, did not cooperate with the Porajmos, just as they did not cooperate with the Jewish Shoah. Piper, Franciszek (1998c) [1994]. "Gas Chambers and Crematoria". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 157–182. ISBN 0-253-32684-2.

Serbia: Solving 'both the Jewish and the Gypsy question'

Auschwitz Birkenau: German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)". World Heritage List. UNESCO. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Lunch was three-quarters of a litre of watery soup at midday, reportedly foul-tasting, with meat in the soup four times a week and vegetables (mostly potatoes and rutabaga) three times. The evening meal was 300 grams of bread, often moldy, part of which the inmates were expected to keep for breakfast the next day, with a tablespoon of cheese or marmalade, or 25 grams of margarine or sausage. Prisoners engaged in hard labour were given extra rations. [134]

The Romani Holocaust or the Romani genocide [4] was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era. [5] Piper, Franciszek (1998a) [1994]. "The System of Prisoner Exploitation". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 34–49. ISBN 0-253-32684-2. The Nuremberg race laws passed on 15 September 1935. The first Nuremberg Law, the "Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor", forbade marriage and extramarital intercourse between Jews and Germans. The second Nuremberg law, "The Reich Citizenship Law", stripped Jews of their German citizenship. On 26 November 1935, Germany expanded the Nuremberg laws to also apply to the Roma. Romani, like Jews, lost their right to vote on 7 March 1936. [30] Persecution and genocide [ edit ] Romani prisoners at Belzec extermination camp, 1940 The Brown Triangle. Romani prisoners in German concentration camps such as Auschwitz were forced to wear the brown inverted triangle on their prison uniforms so they could be distinguished from other inmates. [35] But both the Jewish Holocaust and the genocide against the Roma also involved mass shootings carried out by the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe and in Soviet territories. In other places, such as Croatia, regimes supportive of the Nazis, carried out their own atrocities against the Roma.Further information: Vrba-Wetzler report and Auschwitz Protocols Telegram dated 8 April 1944 from KL Auschwitz reporting the escape of Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler Spitz, Vivien (2005). Doctors from Hell: the Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans. Boulder, Colorado: Sentient. ISBN 978-1-59181-032-2. Huener, Jonathan (2003). Auschwitz, Poland, and the Politics of Commemoration, 1945–1979. Athens: Ohio University Press. ISBN 0-8214-1506-9. An image of 10-year-old Settela Steinbach, a Dutch Romani girl on a train to Auschwitz