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Harries, H.C. A ten point coconut nursery programme to avoid germination problems. Planter 1983, 59, 207–214. [ Google Scholar] In the United States, coconut palms can be grown and reproduced outdoors without irrigation in Hawaii, southern and central Florida, [111] and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Coconut palms are also periodically successful in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of southern Texas and in other microclimates in the southwest. Fremond, Y.; Ziller, R.; de Nuce de Lamothe, M. The Coconut Palm; International Potash Institute: Berne, Switzerland, 1966. [ Google Scholar]
a b Nayar, N Madhavan (2017). The Coconut: Phylogeny, Origins, and Spread. Academic Press. pp.10–21. ISBN 978-0-12-809778-6.
Harries, H.; Baudouin, L.; Cardeña, R. Floating, boating and introgression: Molecular techniques and the ancestry of coconut palm populations on Pacific Islands. Ethnobot. Res. Appl. 2004, 2, 37–53. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Uhl, N.W.; Dransfield, J. General Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore Jr.; Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society: Lawrence, KS, USA, 1988; Volume 54, pp. 511–512. [ Google Scholar] Whitehead, R. Speed of Germination, a Characteristic of Possible Taxonomic Significance in Cocos nucifera Linn. Trop. Agric. 1965, 42, 369–372. [ Google Scholar] Harries, H.C. On the common origin of southeast asia of phytoplasma associated diseases of coconut. Coconut Res. Dev. 1998, 14, 34. [ Google Scholar]
A coconut ( Sanskrit: narikela) is an essential element of rituals in Hindu tradition. [172] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. [173] Irrespective of their religious affiliations, fishermen of India often offer it to the rivers and seas in the hopes of having bountiful catches. Hindus often initiate the beginning of any new activity by breaking a coconut to ensure the blessings of the gods and successful completion of the activity. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. [174] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. [ citation needed] They are also used in Hindu weddings as a symbol of prosperity. [175]
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Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. In Australia, a Cocos-like fossil fruit, measuring 10cm ×9.5cm ( 3 + 7⁄ 8in × 3 + 3⁄ 4in), were recovered from the Chinchilla Sand Formation dated to the latest Pliocene or basal Pleistocene. Rigby (1995) assigned them to modern Cocos nucifera based on its size. [26] [27] In Colombia, a single Cocos-like fruit was recovered from the middle to late Paleocene Cerrejón Formation. The fruit, however, was compacted in the fossilization process and it was not possible to determine if it had the diagnostic three pores that characterize members of the tribe Cocoseae. Nevertheless, Gomez-Navarro et al. (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. [32] Lédo, A.d.S.; Passos, E.E.M.; Fontes, H.R.; Ferreira, J.M.S.; Talamini, V.; Vendrame, W.A. Advances in Coconut palm propagation. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 2019, 41. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]
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