Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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I recommend that you flood fill the 'transparent' colour with which I have surronded most of the flag images, usually light green or turquoise, with plain white before printing the flag sheets as white is easier to cover if you are inaccurate in your cutting out. I have obtained good results on an HP Deskjet printer using a good quality ink jet paper, do not use standard photo-copy paper, the extra cost of a good paper with a shiny surface is well worth it. After printing and allowing the ink to dry you will need to seal the paper, I have found that Humbrol Matt Cote varnish works here, which is convenient as I also use this product on my finished figurines. Note: It seems that the majority of the following regiments did not receive flags until 1805 and those would probably be of the 1803 pattern, however I have included them here for completeness.

With the transformation of the Italian Republic into the Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814), also a state body not including the entire Italian peninsula, the flag did not undergo substantial changes. [85] In the meantime, the Napoleonic revolutionary thrust underwent an evolution, taking on more reactionary hues: for example, the French revolutionary calendar was abolished, which was replaced by the restoration of the ancient Gregorian calendar, and many myths of the French revolution, such as the Storming of the Bastille, were overshadowed. [86]More specifically, Alexander agreed to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia, which had been occupied by Russian forces as part of the Russo-Turkish War. The Ionian Islands and Cattaro, which had been captured by Russian admirals Fyodor Ushakov and Dmitry Senyavin, were to be handed over to the French. In recompense, Napoleon guaranteed the sovereignty of the Duchy of Oldenburg and several other small states ruled by the Russian emperor's German relatives. With the transformation of the Cisalpine Republic into the Italian Republic (1802–1805), a state body that did not include the entire Italian peninsula and which was also directly dependent on Napoleonic France, the arrangement of the colours on the flag changed into a composition formed by a green square inserted in a white diamond, [79] in turn included in a red box. The Presidential standard of Italy in use since 14 October 2000 [80] [81] was inspired by this flag. The subsequent adoption of the Italian flag by a state body, the Cispadane Republic, was inspired by this Bolognese banner, linked to a municipal reality and therefore still having a purely local breath, and to previous military banners of the Lombard and Italian Legions. which took place on January 7, 1797. [5] [36] The national flag of the Cispadane Republic [ edit ] The premises [ edit ] Two figures await the start of the historical reenactment of the battle of Montechiarugolo. Nature of Napoleon's rule [ edit ] Organigramme of the French Consulate and later the Empire The Napoleonic Code

Anderson, F.M. (1904). The constitutions and other select documents illustrative of the history of France, 1789–1901. The H. W. Wilson company. Bovio, Oreste (1996). Due secoli di tricolore (in Italian). Ufficio storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. SBN IT\ICCU\BVE\0116837. The first territory to be conquered by Napoleon was Piedmont; in the historical archive of the Piedmontese municipality of Cherasco there is a document that proves, on 13 May 1796, on the occasion of the homonymous armistice between Napoleon and the Austrian- Piedmontese troops, with which Victor Emmanuel I of Piedmont-Sardinia ceded Nice and Savoy to France to end the war, [11] the first mention of the Italian flag, which refers to municipal banners hoisted on three towers in the historic centre. [12] On 11 October 1796, Napoleon communicated to the Directory the birth of the Lombard Legion, a military unit constituted by the General Administration of Lombardy, [16] [17] a government headed by the Transpadane Republic. [18] On this document, in reference to its war flag, which traced the French tricolor and which was proposed to Napoleon by the Milanese patriots, [19] it is reported that: [20]a b c d e "Origini della bandiera tricolore italiana" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2017 . Retrieved 2 March 2017. In 1813 a new pattern flag was produced, however the 1800 and 1803 pattern flags continued in use and few of the new pattern appear to have been issued. Regiments known to have received the new pattern flags were: Pernov, Kaluga, Okhotsk, Kamchatka, Riazski and Tambov. Only coloured flags were issued to these regiments and these all had green crosses with white corners and were colours of St George. From August 1814 the white flags were abolished and the regiments were to have only one coloured flag per battalion. It is unlikely that this directive had been completely complied with by the end of the Napoleonic period. The Cisalpine Republic, since it included Lombardy, part of the Veronese area, the former Duchy of Modena and Reggio, the former Duchy of Massa and Carrara, the Legations of Bologna, Ferrara and Romagna, was the nucleus of modern Italy, [67] despite Napoleon having ceded to Archduchy of Austria, with the Treaty of Campo Formio (17 October 1797), the territories of the former Republic of Venice, namely Veneto, Friuli, Istria, Dalmatia, control over the Republic of Ragusa, until that moment in the orbit of the Venice of the Doges. [71] NCO’s have gold laceon the front/lower edges of the cuffs, the front/upper edges of the collar and the top of the shako.

Bell, David A (2008). The First Total War: Napoleon's Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It. Haine, Scott (2000). The History of France (1sted.). Greenwood Press. pp. 92. ISBN 978-0-313-30328-9. Bandiera coi colori Nazionali – Richiesto quali siano i colori Nazionali per formarne una Bandiera, si è risposto il Verde il Bianco ed il Rosso [...] WAR FLAGS by Tom Gregg features selections from the authors extensive collection of GIF format flag images.

USING THE PRINTED FLAGS

The white and red were also peculiar to the very ancient municipal coat of arms of Milan and were also common on the Lombard military uniforms of the time. [5] [23] [24] It was therefore no coincidence that the green, white and red tricolour was chosen as an insignia by the Lombard Legion. [5] Between 1820 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (except for Veneto and the province of Mantua, Lazio, Trentino-Alto Adige and Julian March, known as Italia irredenta, which were united with the rest of Italy in 1866 after the Third Italian War of Independence, in 1870 after the capture of Rome, and in 1918 after the First World War respectively); this period of Italian history is known as the Risorgimento. The Italian tricolour waved for the first time in the history of the Risorgimento on 11 March 1821 in the Cittadella of Alessandria, during the revolutions of 1820s, after the oblivion caused by the restoration of the absolutist monarchical regimes. [89] See also [ edit ] a b Lyons, Martyn (1994). Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.232. ISBN 978-1349234363– via Google Books. (paper ISBN 978-0333572917)