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Battery Charging v1.2 Spec and Adopters Agreement". USB.org. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019 . Retrieved 31 July 2019. USB 3.1 - Type-C Host to Host". superuser.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021 . Retrieved 21 July 2021. Voltage tolerance and limits [ edit ] Worst-case voltage drop topology of a USB 2.0 host to low-power device chain, at steady state
The host controller directs traffic flow to devices, so no USB device can transfer any data on the bus without an explicit request from the host controller. In USB2.0, the host controller polls the bus for traffic, usually in a round-robin fashion. The throughput of each USB port is determined by the slower speed of either the USB port or the USB device connected to the port. Universal Serial Bus ( USB) is an industry standard that allows data exchange and delivery of power between many various types of electronics. It specifies its architecture, in particular its the physical interface, and communication protocols for data transfer and power delivery to and from hosts, such as personal computers, to and from peripheral devices, e.g. displays, keyboards, and mass storage devices, and to and from intermediate hubs, which multiply the number of a host's ports. [2] USB was originally designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing various interfaces such as serial ports, parallel ports, game ports, and ADB ports, [3] and prior versions of USB became commonplace on a wide range of devices, such as keyboards, mice, cameras, printers, scanners, flash drives, smartphones, game consoles, and power banks. [4] [5] It has evolved into a standard to replace virtually all common ports on computers, mobile devices, peripherals, power supplies, and manifold other small electronics. In the current standard the USB-C connector replaces the many various connectors for power (up to 240W), displays (e.g. DisplayPort, HDMI), and many other uses, as well as all previous USB connectors.A type of USB3 Tunneling architecture where the Enhanced SuperSpeed protocol is extended to allow operation at the maximum bandwidth available on the USB4 Link. Because of the previous confusing naming schemes, USB-IF decided to change it once again. As of 2 September 2022, marketing names follow the syntax "USB xGbps", where x is the speed of transfer in Gb/s. [44] Overview of the updated names and logos can be seen in the adjacent table.
Small devices can be powered directly from the USB interface, eliminating the need for additional power supply cables. The connectors the USB committee specifies support a number of USB's underlying goals, and reflect lessons learned from the many connectors the computer industry has used. The connector mounted on the host or device is called the receptacle, and the connector attached to the cable is called the plug. [1] The official USB specification documents also periodically define the term male to represent the plug, and female to represent the receptacle, though these uses are inconsistent with established definitions of connector gender. [2] USB was designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to personal computers, both to exchange data with and to supply electric power. It has largely replaced interfaces such as serial ports and parallel ports and has become commonplace on a wide range of devices. Examples of peripherals that are connected via USB include computer keyboards and mice, video cameras, printers, portable media players, mobile (portable) digital telephones, disk drives, and network adapters. High Speed USB Maximum Theoretical Throughput". Microchip Technology Incorporated. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021 . Retrieved 23 March 2021. The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. See the USB On-The-Go connectors section below for a more detailed summary description.The different A and B plugs prevent accidentally connecting two power sources. However, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. The Type-A plug. This plug has an elongated rectangular cross-section, inserts into a Type-A receptacle on a downstream port on a USB host or hub, and carries both power and data. Captive cables on USB devices, such as keyboards or mice, terminate with a Type-A plug.
Several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt. Silvia (5 August 2015). "USB 3.1 Gen 1 & Gen 2 explained". www.msi.org. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018 . Retrieved 5 April 2018. USB provides three isochronous (fixed-bandwidth) synchronization types, [76] all of which are used by audio devices: [77]
Dan Froelich (20 May 2009). "Isochronous Protocol" (PDF). USB.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2014 . Retrieved 21 November 2014. USB cables are limited in length, as the standard was intended for peripherals on the same table-top, not between rooms or buildings. However, a USB port can be connected to a gateway that accesses distant devices.
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